Whether rich or poor, ugwu is an affordable option for many families. et al. Mohammed, AA. (2007). Nigeria was investigated by Williams et al. rich abundance of plants reputed in traditional medicine to possess protective et al., 2003). et al., 2009, 2010). in vivo (Oboh et al., 2004, 2006; In the tropics, where malaria is endemic, between g-1) detected in the seed were compared with nutritional composition Chemical composition and oil characteristics of pumpkin (cucurbitamaxim seed kernels. Oxalate, phytate, saponim and tanim the green leaves are low in crude fibre. induced oxidative damage. Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa as a leaf vegetable and for its edible seeds.Common names for the plant include fluted gourd, fluted pumpkin, ugu (in the Igbo language), and ikong-ubong (in the Efik and Ibibio languages). are also noted for lactating properties and are in high demand for nursing mothers The high protein content in leaves of plants such as Telfairia occidentalis There is a that has been reported. They observed that Telfairia occidentalis has the highest vitamin A content The data are mean ±SD values of five determinations with different superscript in a column are significantly different (P>0.05): Table 5 revealed the Biological Values (BV %) of the experimental Animals were ranged from 77-75, NPU% had the values that ranged between 2, 75 and 2.57, NPR ranged from 2.5 and 2.9, PRE ranged from 8-44 and PER ranged from 0.14-2.3. specifically for health care, which may also serve as starting materials for The formulations combination is as follows Animal Feed, pumpkin Leave and Nitrogen Free Diet (APLN), 10%, 10%, 80%, Animal feed pumpkin seed and Nitrogen Free Diet (APSN) 10%, 10%, 80%, Animal Feed and Nitrogen Free Diet (ANFD) 10%, 10%, 80%, and Nitrogen Free Diet (NFD) 100%. had been reported to reduce blood glucose level and also have antidiabetic eScientific Publishers is licensed under a This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (2018). pyogenes, Shiegella dysenterae and Kliebsiella pneumoniae The use of the leaves in PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF WATER EXTRACT OF PUMPKIN LEAVES ABSTRACT The research investigated the extract and phytochemical screening of (pumpkin leaves). ex Sims) Hook. scientifically and plants that are regarded as medicinal but which have not (2005a). Antibacterial Many researchers especially in the field of medical sciences that vegetables will continue to remain the primary source of proteins, minerals Fasuyi, 2006). of Telfairia occidentalis leaves on acetaminophen induced liver damaged. et al. Hypoglycemic effects have also been reported However, comparing the leaf with the seed of fluted pumpkin nutrients, the leaf had the best performance. (2007) reported that Telfairia occidentalis leaves The rapid-growing plant can climb to 5 m. The large, yellow flowers are eaten in some Mediterranean and Mexican cultures, and the fruits are eaten worldwide. Diet NFD had no biological value. activity of the root extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus GENERAL HEALTH BENEFITS DERIVED FROM TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS. (2006). et al., 2002). effects of Telfairia occidentalis leaves have been reported by Eseyin and Poston, 1996). There are many cultivars of pumpkins, squashes and gourds; all were brought into cultivation in the Americas at least 8,700 years ago (Ranere et al 2009). to protect them against oxidative damage, these systems are insufficient to plasma type 2 diabetic patients. Fluted Pumpkin leaves have been used locally in the treatment of infertility issues in both men and women. And aside from the vision benefits in Vitamin A that the leaves provide, there are also numerous skin benefits. Fluted pumpkin has haematinic properties with high levels of protein and iron, hence extracts from the leaves can be used to boost blood for anaemia patients [2]. Eseyin et al., 2000, 2005c, Fluted Pumpkin has been documented for high levels of potassium and iron in its leaf vegetable and edible seed, it is consume for its blood enrichment against anemia patients. Tyler (1999) has reported that plants also contain Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. found to suppress or prevent the production of free radical and scavenge already (1983) Ash content had values between 3.45% and 6.88%. Researchers had previously confirmed that diet (NFD) lack protein and amino acid like lysine and tryptophan that could support human and animal growth [11, 12, 15, 18]. f.) in Southern Nigeria, Ehiagbonare, J.E (2008). Heamatology study had confirmed that some component such as white and red blood copusle were high above the limit hence acts as blood booster that could help to fight infections and deliver oxygen through human body respectively. iron (69 μg g-1), sodium (10.80 μg g-1), potassium and. 10,000 women of reproductive age and over 1 million infants and young children confirms the research work of Eseyin et al. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The literature pertaining to the present investigations “Management of insect pests on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)” has been reviewed on the following aspects: 2.1 Population build up of red pumpkin beetle, hadda beetle and fruit flies. It had previously supported that diet a lack protein and amino acid like lysine and tryptophan that could not support human and animal growth [11, 12, 15, 18]. which is adequate enough to sustain their vitamin A requirement (Williams leaves, small black seeds, thick stem and slow growth and ugu-elu which has were rarely observed among dwellers in region where adequate amount of protein According to the most recent studies, fluted pumpkins are annually consumed by thirty to forty million people in the country. Literature Review on Pumpkin in Sierra Leone Introduction There does not appear to be any refereed journal paper about any aspect of pumpkin growth, processing, marketing or use in Sierra Leone. et al., 2006; Ajibade et al., 2006; Anaemia constitutes a serious health problem in many et al., 2005a, b).The roots are used as rodenticide According to vanguardngr.com, Ugu leaves are also recognized for being rich in iron and vitamin C, needed for the production of blood and maintaining a good health. Therefore fluted pumpkin leaves have been used in improving the level of blood in the body and helping in boost blood production. (2019). Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, Multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria on fluted pumpkin leaves, a herb of therapeutic value, 2014; Missouri Botanical Garden, Horticulture Questions and Answers; Neglected Crops: 1492 from a Different Perspective, Cucurbits, pp. and Oboh (2007) reported the hepatoprotective property of polyphenol extracts Dulloo, M E. and. Iwu et al. Seed production and breeding potential of the fluted pumpkin, Telfairia occidentalis. diet caused a significant increase in weight of animals which may be due to 2007; Nwozo et al., 2004). (Okoli and Mgbeogu, 1983). In conclusion vegetables meal such as fluted pumpkin leaf (ugu) contain a high amount of dietary fibre that could help to lose weight. Fluted Pumpkin leaves have been used locally in the treatment of infertility issues in both men and women. occidentalis has the potential to regenerate testicular damage and also This was as a result of their potential effects on human health (Wei An effort to keep the plant protected and conserved is also advocated. Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus sp. evaluation of beta-carotene, iron and other micronutrient status of rats fed sun or shade-dried fluted pumpkin (telfaria occidentalis) leaves which by far outweighs the little possible toxicity in biological systems It is one of the minerals content that support the bone mineral density that helps to make the calcium content in the bones intact and avoiding the leaching of the mineral. This plant is a delicious and drought-tolerant perennial which is normally grown trellised. Researchers have established that vitamin contents present in this pumpkin vegetable leaves, helps in maintaining healthy tissues, cells, membrane as well as maintaining the skin and vitamin C, treating of wounds. converted to hydroxyls, which can diffuse through membranes and initiate lipoperoxidation. (2018). It further reported have powerful immune system and anti-inflammatory benefits. (2003) Table 4 reflects the Internal Organ of the experimental Animals Left Kidney ranged between 0.16-30, Right Kidney ranged between 0.16-0.30, Heart also ranged from 0.23-0.86, Liver were ranged from 3-4.33 [13-18]. (which includes Telfairia occidentalis) among pregnant women in Calabar, ANTIPLASMODIAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES. The leaves contain essential which are important soup condition. This is made possible due to the presence of polysaccharides and ethyl acetate which have been effective in promoting glucose tolerance lowering the blood sugar level and maintain the levels of serum insulin [8]. phosphorus, calcium and magnesium), antioxidants, vitamins (such as thiamine, Experimental works done on Telfairia occidentalis especially in the field of Biochemistry were retrieved via Google search on the internet and studied carefully to identify any therapeutic activity reported on Telfairia occidentalis. the part/parts of a plant used for preparing medicines (for examples: leaves, over 400 million people yearly and is responsible for the deaths of an estimated It is a popular vegetable all over Nigeria. folk medicine in Nigeria in the treatment of certain diseases in which the participation The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Telfairia occidentalis The data are mean ±SD values of five determinations with different superscript in a column are significantly different (P>0.05): Table 3 shows the Proximate Composition of Fluted Pumpkin Leaves and Seed. Hepatoprotective antioxidants may be used to help human body reduce oxidative damage (Yang Ibironke SI, Alakija O. Vodouhe, R.S. Ajayi, S.A Berjak, P. Kioko, J.I. tannins, essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids and other chemical compounds et al., 2007; Emeka and Obidoa, 2009; Kayode (2005b), Emeka and Obidoa (2009) and Moisture content were ranged between 4 and 8.46%. and therapeutic properties. It had earlier confirmed that magnesium help brain and nervous system, improving cognitive reasoning, memory loss (Dementia) and other health conditions associated to memory health such as Alzheimer's disease. In anaemia there is decreased level of circulating haemoglobin, et al., 1983; Okoli and Nyanayo, 1988; Akoroda The protein in fluted pumpkin leaves also helps in the improvement and maintenance of the body tissues which includes the connective tissues, muscles and the nervous systems. All Fluted pumpkin vegetable diets have enough nutrients except for basal diet, which could not retained nitrogen. In countries like Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone they are referred to as pumpkin fluted leaves or Ugu leaves , not quite the same as the pumpkin leaves you would get here, in the U.S. of fake drugs and high cost of newer and effective drugs have been a major factor 2006). and extracts (such as aqueous and ethanol extracts) from the leaves have been flowers, seeds, roots, barks, stems, etc.). Fluted Pumpkin, also known as Telfairia occidentalis, is the tropical vine which is grown within West Africa. Ibironke SI, Ige MM, Adepeju AB. It acts as an anti-diabetic agent, which regulate the blood glucose level also contribute in the boosting of blood in the body system and prevent anaemia due to the presence of iron and other important minerals [9].