Cite as. In the sectional construction of shell tower structures herein described moulds are altogether dispensed with while the scaffolding is reduced to the amount required for the one or two building sections. 10 represents the enlarged detail at X of the shell as taken from Fig. 3. A shell roof is commonly used in public building because shell roof is aesthetically pleasing. May 30, 1905 Steiner ---------- Nov. 17, 1908 Dischlnger -------- Dec. 19, 1933 Waller -i------- Apr. The outer finish may be applied to the article either by a cement gun or by hand whilst the wires are connected to the anchorages or after they have been released. Any additional reinforcement is then placed in position and further layers of cement or concrete applied either mechanically or manually until the desired thickness is attained.' Not logged in What people are saying - Write a review. The practical limiting factor in such reinforced concrete structures is the tensile stresses resulting from wind pressure on the windward side; not the compressive stresses caused by the dead weight plus the wind bending moments on the lee side. The floor 18, bilges 11, and keelsons 73, may be cast in situ in the conventional way encasing both pre-tensioned and ordinary reinforcements. The intention of this chapter is to set forth for those who intend to design concrete shell roofs information and advice about the selection, verification and utilization of commercial computer tools for analysis and design tasks. © 2004-2020 FreePatentsOnline.com. 2,425,079 7 tances apart may be utilised to temporarily carry both the longitudinal and other, reinforcement, In such cases the main longitudinal reinforcement is confined principally to the side tension members at the springings while the prestressed longitudinal reinforcement near the crown of the vault is reduced to a minimum. This is a preview of subscription content, J. Chinn, Cylindrical Shell Analysis Simplified by the Beam Method, ACI J., Vol. When completed the main wires and textile and/or metallic secondary reinforcement are completely encased. 6. The longitudinal wires are stretched the requisite distance apart along the bulkheads and prestressed evenly to the desired extent. These members act as the transverse supporting and stiffener diaphragms and form the pattern for the reinforcement of the hull. The walls of such a container are subjected to compressive stresses when loaded; the ring tension is taken by ties connecting diametrically opposite ribs or by tie rings connecting the vertical ribs or by any other convenient arrangement. The truncated forms can be used to provide a skylight at the apex. These shapes maximize the effectiveness of concrete, allowing it to form thin light spans. 334, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1992, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1227-9_5. Privacy Policy In this method of construction the longitudinal wires 53 of requisite length are rolled and kept at the top of the scaffolding 94; they are unwound and pre-tensioned in length sufficient for the one or two vertical building sections above referred to. & Terms of Use. 55, May 1959. According to the present invention such a structure could comprise a number of part-cylindrical shells arranged so that the intrados of each such part is on the exterior of the structure. ... Design and Construction of Concrete Shell Roofs © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 5 represents a typical midship section; Fig. The several shell parts may be pre-cast and afterwards erected in position, vertical ribs cast in situ connecting each pair of adjoining shell parts. The pre-tensioned wires 53 positioned in the side walls 77, floor 18, and deck 19, are dead parallel and horizontal in the straight centre part of the hull, and turn slightly inwards, respectively upwards, towards stem and stern. The lower reaction of the sectional prestresses is taken by the lower part of the already built structure. After prestressing the wires 53, textile 58 and/or metallic secondary mesh reinforcement 56 is clipped or attached to the pre-tensioned wires 53, preferably on the outside of the latter, and concrete, cement, plaster or the like 59 and 60 is applied in one or several layers, whereby, usually, the pre-tensioned main wires and other reinforcement are completely encased by the outside layers 59 and the inside layers 60, thus forming the core of the shell. The temporary tensile stresses, during construction without moulds, are in these circumstances carried by the textile or other material stretched over the whole vault and forming the core of the concrete shell, The transverse metal arch stiffeners may be left in the finished shell structure when so required by the design or may be removed when the shell structure has hardened sufficiently. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. When the chimneys, towers, silos and the like structures of great height are being built in accordance with this invention their construction may advantageously be carried out in vertical sections; the scaffolding 89 resisting to the pretension of the longitudinal main wires 53, extends only over one or the two last built upper sections 93 and is supported by the bars 91 by the latest built up section 92 and raised section by section until the entire structure Is completed. It is a characteristic feature of the prestressing principle that any loading conditions foreshadowed in a structure are produced in the reverse state during construction or manufacture. This reinforcing layer is encased by a new layer of gunite and the same process is repeated untit the full thicknesses of on side walls 77, gunwales 70, hatch beams 72, and deck 79, have been obtained. As wind pressure may come from any side of a tower or like structure the piestress in the reinforcement wires, resulting in the pre-compression of the concrete shell, is usually made the same all around the structure for each separate horizontal section but it usually varies with the vertical position of the sections and the reinforcement percentage usually decreases with its height over bottom level. It will of course be an advantage to pre-cast the bulkheads and use them as patterns during the construction of the hull. Another layer of high tensile steel wires is pre-tensioned along and outside of the thin gunite shell and mild steel reinforcements are tied to them in transverse and oblique directions as required by the design. 6, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain ----------- 1924 Great Britain ------------ 1930. A mould-less self-supporting reinforced concrete curved shell construction of the type described and for the purposes set forth herein comprising pre-stressed reinforcement wires spaced along the generating lines of said shell defining the shape of said construction and forming the sole supporting skeleton of said construction, mesh reinforcement attached to the said g5. Cylindrical shell forms can be easily shored and easily reinforced. The invention may also be employed for the erection of structures of closed prismatic, pyramidal, cylindrical, conical, hyperboloid and like shape with their truncated variations the height a5 of which structures is gfeat compared with the area covered in plan for example, chimneys, towers, silos and the like. Additional strength for the tower, silos, chimney or the like may be provided by applying additional layers of concrete, cement, plaster or the like inside or outside of the prestressed shaft whilst the latter are held on the anchorage or after they have been released therefrom. This method of using one continuous wire for several reinforcing units may be applied of course to all prestressed structures or articles with straight wire reinforcement. A shell construction as set forth in claim 2 for a roof characterized by said pre-stressed wires extending between and over transverse supporting members of part cylindrical form and a plurality of pre-stressed wires located at the springings of said construction to thereby constitute longitudinal tension members and side stiffeners. G. S. Ramaswamy. Design of Reinforced Concrete Shells and Folded plates by P.C. 64.34.217.23. 3. SUMMARY The problem of design/verification of reinforcement in concrete shells is reviewed. The method of constructing a reinforced concrete marine hull comprising the steps of precasting a plurality of varyingly curved transverse members, arranging said transverse members in 50g longitudinally spaced parallel positions to define the shape of the hull shell, positioning a plurality :of longitudinal high tensile reinforcement wires across the edges of said transverse members, prestressing said longitudinal wires to a predeter- go mined extent to form a skeleton of said hull shell converging toward a prow and a stern, anchoring said pre-stressed wires in the region of said prow and stern, applying mild steel wire and mesh reinforcement externally to said prestressed 'skeleton to form a core for said hull shell, attaching the said external wire and mesh reinforcement to said pre-stresseidreinforcement, applying concrete as by the gunite process to said skeleton and core both internally and externally of said hull shell to thereby avoid the use of forms and hardening said concrete in the predetermined shape of said hull shell.

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